Cleopatra VII

Cleopatra VII - Queen of Hearts
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♥ Queen of Hearts Spades Deck
Cardstock Linen Blue Core
Format Bridge (57 × 89 mm)
Suits French-suited cards
Finish Linen Finish

Cleopatra VII

Egypt  ·  Macedonian Greek  ·  69 – 30 BCE

She was eighteen years old when she became queen of Egypt: the richest kingdom of the Mediterranean, whose grain fed Rome and whose gold funded armies. History would later try to reduce her to a love story. That was never the full picture.

Her father’s will named her younger brother, Ptolemy XIII, as her co-ruler, as Ptolemaic custom demanded. It was a formality that quickly became a war. Her brother’s advisors drove her out of Egypt. She raised an army in Syria and fought her way back.

She allied herself with Julius Caesar, famously smuggled past her enemies into the palace hidden in a bedding sack, and together they secured her throne. Rome at the time was a republic tearing itself apart. After Caesar’s assassination, she joined forces with Mark Antony. Together they ruled the eastern Mediterranean and challenged the power of Rome itself.

“I will not be led in a triumph.”

Attributed to Cleopatra by the Roman historian Livy

At the Battle of Actium in 31 BCE, their combined fleet was crushed. A year later, Antony took his own life, wrongly convinced that Cleopatra was already dead. She was not. She negotiated, she stalled, she looked for a way out. When she understood that Octavian meant to parade her through Rome in his triumph, she chose the only exit that was still hers to take. How she died remains disputed: an asp, a poison, a poisoned pin. She was 39.

With her death, three thousand years of pharaonic rule came to an end. Egypt became a Roman province. And history, written by the victors, spent the next two millennia calling her a seductress rather than a sovereign.

Last Pharaoh of Egypt The last active ruler of Ptolemaic Egypt. Her son Caesarion was nominally king for a few days after her death, before Octavian had him killed. Polyglot & scholar Ancient writers praised her learning and her conversation more than her looks. Plutarch wrote that her beauty was not remarkable, but her presence was irresistible. Strategist For almost twenty years she played the most powerful men in Rome against each other, keeping Egypt independent while the Roman republic tore itself apart.
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Timeline

69 BCE Born in Alexandria, daughter of King Ptolemy XII
51 BCE Her father dies. At eighteen she becomes queen, sharing the throne with her younger brother Ptolemy XIII
49 BCE Driven out by her brother’s court. Flees to Syria and raises an army of her own
48 BCE Smuggled into the palace in Alexandria to meet Julius Caesar, and wins him to her side
47 BCE Ptolemy XIII drowns in the Nile after his defeat by Caesar. Cleopatra gives birth to Caesarion, her son with Caesar
46 BCE Travels to Rome as Caesar’s guest. He places a golden statue of her in the temple of Venus, to the outrage of many Romans
44 BCE Caesar is assassinated in Rome. Cleopatra returns to Egypt
41 BCE Sails up the river to meet Mark Antony at Tarsus on a golden barge, dressed as the goddess Aphrodite. Their alliance begins
34 BCE In the Donations of Alexandria, Antony proclaims her Queen of Kings and Caesarion the true heir of Caesar, a direct challenge to Octavian
32 BCE Rome declares war, not on Antony, but on Cleopatra
31 BCE Defeated by Octavian’s fleet at the Battle of Actium
30 BCE Antony dies in her arms. Days later, Cleopatra takes her own life in Alexandria. Egypt becomes a Roman province

Dates follow the Gregorian calendar

✦ Did you know?

For almost three hundred years, the Ptolemies ruled Egypt without speaking its language. Every king and queen before her governed in Greek, at arm’s length from the people they taxed. Cleopatra was the first of her dynasty to learn Egyptian.

She did not stop there. According to Plutarch, she rarely needed an interpreter, answering Ethiopians, Hebrews, Arabs, Syrians, Medes and Parthians in their own tongues. That was not charm. That was statecraft.

A sovereign, not a seductress.

For two thousand years, her enemies told her story. Now Cleopatra VII takes back her crown as the Queen of Hearts in our limited edition Spades Deck, illustrated exclusively for this release.

Explore the Spades Deck →

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