Hongi Hika

Hongi Hika - Jack of Clubs
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♣ Jack of Clubs Spades Deck
Cardstock Linen Blue Core
Format Bridge (57 × 89 mm)
Suits French-suited cards
Finish Linen Finish

Hongi Hika

New Zealand  ·  Māori, Ngāpuhi  ·  c. 1772 – 1828

He was shaped by a defeat before he ever won anything. At the Battle of Moremonui, around 1807, Ngāpuhi warriors carrying a handful of muskets were ambushed by Ngāti Whātua fighting with traditional weapons, and cut down as they fumbled to reload. Hongi survived by hiding in a swamp. Two of his brothers did not. He spent the next twenty years making sure it never happened again.

By the 1810s he was one of the most powerful leaders of Ngāpuhi, and he had a plan. Muskets had been reaching Aotearoa for years through European sailors and traders, but never in the numbers or with the coordination that could change a war. Hongi understood that difference. In 1814 he welcomed the first Christian missionaries to the Bay of Islands, not because he believed in their God, but because missionaries meant ships, traders and European goods. To his anger, the missionaries refused to sell him guns. When one of them tried to share the teachings of Jesus, Hongi reportedly told him he had no use for a religion that commanded love for one’s enemies.

“If red coat soldiers should land in Aotearoa, when you see them, make war against them.”

Attributed to Hongi Hika, as recorded by Frederick Maning

In 1820 he sailed to England with the missionary Thomas Kendall and the young chief Waikato. At Cambridge they helped Professor Samuel Lee compile a grammar and dictionary of the Māori language. He met King George IV, who gave him a suit of armour. What Hongi really wanted were the weapons he had heard were stored by the thousands in the Tower of London. He did not get those, but on the way home through Sydney he traded most of his English gifts for muskets, reportedly some three hundred.

What followed reshaped the North Island. From 1821, Hongi led a series of devastating campaigns against rival iwi, avenging old defeats and carrying Ngāpuhi power from the Bay of Islands to Tāmaki, the Waikato and Rotorua. His suit of armour gave him a reputation for being invulnerable. The Musket Wars, which would cost tens of thousands of lives, entered their most brutal phase, and no one was better armed to fight them.

In 1827 he was shot through the chest in battle. He lived on for more than a year, dying on 6 March 1828, undone at last by the same kind of weapon that had built his power. His warning about the redcoats outlived him. In the 1840s his relative Hōne Heke cut down the British flagstaff at Kororāreka again and again, and in 1845 the north went to war.

Rangatira A Māori chief whose authority came from descent, but also had to be earned through leadership and war. Not to be confused with an ariki: the sacred, paramount chief of senior descent who stood above the whole iwi. Musket Wars A series of wars between Māori iwi, from the early 1800s to the 1840s, transformed by the arrival of muskets. Estimates run to tens of thousands of dead. Aotearoa The Māori name for New Zealand, often translated as “land of the long white cloud”.
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Timeline

c. 1772 Born, probably near Kaikohe in Northland
1807–08 Battle of Moremonui: Ngāpuhi defeated by Ngāti Whātua. Two of his brothers are killed. Hongi survives by hiding in a swamp
1814 Visits Sydney and welcomes the first Christian missionaries to the Bay of Islands
1818 Raids along the Bay of Plenty and the East Coast as far as Hicks Bay
1820 Sails to England. Helps Samuel Lee at Cambridge with a Māori grammar and dictionary. Meets King George IV and receives a suit of armour
1821 Returns home in July with muskets bought in Sydney
1821–27 Campaigns across the North Island, the most brutal phase of the Musket Wars
1827 Shot through the chest in battle in the Hokianga
1828 Dies of his wound on 6 March at Whangaroa. His bones are hidden in a secret place

Dates follow the Gregorian calendar

✦ Did you know?

At Cambridge, Hongi spent weeks helping Professor Samuel Lee capture the sounds and structure of te reo Māori on paper. Missionaries had only begun writing the language down a few years earlier, and the book they produced in 1820, A Grammar and Vocabulary of the Language of New Zealand, became one of the foundations of written Māori.

Then he went home, traded his gifts for muskets and went to war. In the same journey, he helped give his language a grammar and his people a military revolution.

He crossed the world for muskets.

He sat with scholars in Cambridge, stood before a king and came home armed for war. Now Hongi Hika takes his seat as the Jack of Clubs in our limited edition Spades Deck, illustrated exclusively for this release.

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