Pachacuti

Pachacuti - King of Spades
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♠ King of Spades Spades Deck
Cardstock Linen Blue Core
Format Bridge (57 × 89 mm)
Suits French-suited cards
Finish Linen Finish

Pachacuti

Peru  ·  Inca  ·  c. 1418 – 1472

He was not supposed to be emperor. His father, Viracocha Inca, had chosen another son as his heir. But when the Chanca confederation marched on Cusco around 1438, Viracocha and his chosen heir fled the city. The young prince stayed, rallied its defenders and crushed the Chanca. The city and the throne were his. What had been a modest kingdom around Cusco would become Tawantinsuyu, the largest empire the Americas had ever seen.

On taking the throne he gave himself a new name: Pachacuti, “he who remakes the world.” In Quechua, a pachakuti is a cosmic turning point, the moment one age ends and another begins. It was not a modest choice. But he made it fit.

“When subjects, captains and lords obey the king willingly, the kingdom enjoys perfect peace.”

Attributed to Pachacuti by Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (1609)

The expansion was relentless. He conquered the lands around Lake Titicaca and much of the central Andes, and his son Tupac Inca Yupanqui, leading his armies, pushed north toward present-day Ecuador. He organised the empire into four regions, or suyus, radiating out from Cusco, and made Quechua its language of government. Roads, storehouses and terraces were built through the mit’a, a labour tax in which communities served the state in turn and were fed and clothed in return. The empire ran without money, markets or writing, and yet it ran.

He also understood that conquest alone does not hold an empire together. He raised the cult of Inti, the sun, to the heart of the state, with the Sapa Inca as the son of the sun himself. He rebuilt the Qorikancha in Cusco, the Temple of the Sun, its walls said to be covered in sheets of gold. Every conquered people was drawn into a sacred order with his dynasty at its centre.

In 1471 he passed over his eldest son, Amaru Yupanqui, and handed power to Tupac, the general who had proven himself in war. He died soon after, having laid the foundations of an empire that, within a few decades, would stretch some four thousand kilometres along the spine of South America.

Sapa Inca Quechua for “the only Inca”: the emperor, believed to be a descendant of Inti, the sun. Founder of Tawantinsuyu Tawantinsuyu, “the four parts together”, was the Incas’ own name for their empire. Builder of Machu Picchu Most archaeologists see Machu Picchu as one of Pachacuti’s royal estates. The Spanish never found it.
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Timeline

c. 1418 Born in Cusco as Cusi Yupanqui, son of Viracocha Inca
c. 1438 Defends Cusco against the Chanca after his father flees. According to legend, the stones of the battlefield rose up as warriors to fight at his side
c. 1438 Takes the throne and the name Pachacuti, “he who remakes the world”
c. 1440s Rebuilds Cusco as an imperial capital, according to tradition in the shape of a puma, with the Qorikancha at its heart and the fortress of Sacsayhuamán at its head
c. 1450 Builds Machu Picchu as a royal estate. Radiocarbon dating suggests it was already in use by around 1420, a sign his reign may have begun earlier than once thought
1463 Hands command of the army to his son Tupac Inca Yupanqui, who pushes the empire north
1471 Passes over his eldest son and hands the throne to Tupac
c. 1472 Dies in Cusco. His mummy is honoured as if still alive, with servants, a household and a seat at state ceremonies
1559 The Spanish seize his mummy and take it to Lima. It later disappears without a trace

Dates follow the Gregorian calendar

✦ Did you know?

The Incas had no wheels, no horses and no writing. Yet their empire was bound together by one of the greatest road networks of the pre-modern world: the Qhapaq Ñan, some 30,000 kilometres of road across mountain passes, rainforest and coastal desert, from Colombia to Chile and Argentina.

Along it ran the chasquis, relay runners stationed every few kilometres, who could carry a message more than 200 kilometres in a single day. Messages travelled as spoken words or as quipus, knotted cords that recorded numbers. Today the Qhapaq Ñan is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

His father ran. He stayed.

He saved one city, then remade the Andes in his own name. Now Pachacuti takes his seat as the King of Spades in our limited edition Spades Deck, illustrated exclusively for this release.

Explore the Spades Deck →

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